Papermaking，printing, gunpowder, and compass have altered the face and state of the world.
造纸术、印刷术、制火药、指南针，这些发明已经改变了世界的面貌和形态。

The concept of Four Great Inventions originated with European Scholars and later adopted by the Chinese.
四大发明的概念，率先由欧洲学者提出，随后被中国人采取。

The Four Great Inventions are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and serve as symbols of Chinese advanced science and technology.
四大发明在中国文化中具有非常重要的历史意义，被誉为中国先进科学技术的象征。

The Four Inventions are: The Compass, Gunpowder, Papermaking, and Printing.
四大发明分别是：造纸术、印刷术、制火药、指南针。

These four inventions had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact.
这四项发明对中华文明的发展意义深远，甚至对全球都产生了巨大的影响。

aristocrats：贵族
eunuch：太监，宦官
calligraphy：书法
transcribe：转录; 抄写


movable type print：活字印刷术
components：成分; 组分; 零件
baked clay：烤制过的黏土
seals：印、章